Practical Approaches to Improve the Sensitivity of the Volume-Based Cellular Enumeration of the BeWo Cell Line-Derived Spheroids as an <em>In Vitro</em> Embryo Model: MTT Versus Neutral Red Uptake Assays

Mahsa Kazemi; Vahid Jajarmi; Hamid Nazarian; Marefat Ghaffari Novin; Saghar Salehpour; Hamid Choobineh; Zahra Shams Mofarahe; Mohammad Hasan Heidari

E-ISSN : 2148-9696

Crescent Journal of
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Apr 2020, Vol 7, Issue 2

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Original Article
*Practical Approaches to Improve the Sensitivity of the Volume-Based Cellular Enumeration of the BeWo Cell Line-Derived Spheroids as an In Vitro* Embryo Model: MTT Versus Neutral Red Uptake Assays**
Mahsa Kazemi^1,2, Vahid Jajarmi^3,4, Hamid Nazarian², Marefat Ghaffari Novin², Saghar Salehpour⁵, Hamid Choobineh⁷, Zahra Shams Mofarahe², Mohammad Hasan Heidari²
¹Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ²Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ³Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ⁴Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ⁵Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, In Vitro Fertilization Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ⁶Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventive Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ⁷School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
CJMB 2020; 7: 142-149 Viewed : 2732 times Downloaded : 2232 times. Keywords : Cellular Spheroids, Choriocarcinoma, Neutral red, MTT formazan, Embryo implantation
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Abstract

Objectives: Choriocarcinoma spheroids, as acceptable three-dimensional (3D) models of the embryo, vary in the number of incorporated cells based on the procedures of production. Since the secretion of emitted signals from spheroids can modulate endometrial confrontation responses, improving a high throughput standard assay is precisely demanding for normalizing the characteristics of spheroids based on cellular enumeration. Materials and Methods: Spheroids derived from the suspension culture of the BeWo cell line were dimensionally categorized into three groups with sizes of 50, 100, and 200 μm in diameters. The volume of each spheroid was determined according to 4/3πr3 formula and MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays were applied as conventional and modified procedures. Furthermore, the categorized groups of spheroids were enzymatically dissociated and stained by the Trypan blue dye to precisely enumerate the number of incorporated cells based on volume alterations. Results: The absorbance of spheroids in modified MTT and NRU procedures with respect to the conventional ones resulted in higher correlation coefficients with volume alterations. Similarly, modified MTT and NRU procedures with respect to the conventional ones resulted in higher correlation coefficients between the cells numeration and volume alterations. Finally, the sensitivity of modified MTT assay was higher than modified NRU assay regarding accurately estimating the number of incorporated cells per spheroid. Conclusion: In general, the modification of MTT and NRU procedures can amplify the potential of both assays to enumerate the cell number of 3D aggregates. Exclusively, the modification of MTT assay brought it as an ideal high throughput assay with high sensitivity to screen the cell number of spheroids with a diameter of 200 μm and less.